Archive for the ‘dextran’ Category
Abstract
Sugarcane is a perishable commodity and must be processed into sugar quickly after it is harvested. Post harvest sucrose losses have been reported from many cane producing countries and linked with low sugar recovery and several problems during sugar processing. Bio deterioration is associated with the inordinate delays between harvest to milling of sugarcane and aggravated by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing enormous depreciation in cane tonnage as well as sugar recovery. Besides harvest-to-mill delays, other factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, cane variety, period of storage, activities of invertase, maturity status etc. are responsible for decline in sugar recovery. The activity of invertase and proliferation of acid, ethanol and polysaccharides (dextran) producing microbes play a crucial role in the loss of recoverable sugars in cane and milled juice. In addition to loss in sugar recovery, its adverse affects has been noticed in the sugar manufacturing process and sucrose quality. Efforts have been made to reduce loss in tonnage and sucrose using physico-chemical methods. These include spraying of water, bactericidal solution, use of anti-inversion and anti-bacterial formulations and pre-harvest foliar and soil
application of zinc and mangnous compounds. An integrated mill sanitation program and simultaneous use of dextranase could further improve sugar recovery and minimize problems caused by dextran. The possibility of electrolyzed water (EW) fogging to reduce post harvest deterioration in field and mill yard has also been explored. Some of these methods are useful and present larger options for the industry to minimize afterharvest quality losses in the field and milling tandem.
Keywords : Post-harvest deterioration, acid invertase, dextran,
commercial cane sugar, biocides, field control, dextranase
S. Solomon
Sugartech 2009 : 11 (2) : 109 - 123
Abstract
Dextranase only have a small market and low volume sales compared to many other industrial enzymes. Consequently, research and development efforts to engineer properties of dextranase to specific conditions of industrial processes have not occurred and are not expected soon. This book chapter highlights the difficulties associated with the practical application of dextranases, that are sometimes applied to hydrolyze dextran in sugar manufacture when bacterial deterioration of sugarcane or sugarbeet has occurred. Less than optimum application existed because of confusion about where to add the dextranase in the factory/refinery and which commercial dextranase to use. The wide variation in activity of commercially available dextranase in the U.S., and a standardized titration method to measure activities at the factory are discussed. Optimization by applying “concentrated” dextranase as a working solution to heated juice is described. Promising short-term technologies to further improve industrial dextranase applications are discussed, as well as the long-term outlook.
Gillian Eggleston · Adrian Monge · Belisario Montes · David Stewart
Sugar Tech (2009) 11(2) : 135-141
Dekstran adalah polimer glukosa (glucan) yang dihubungkan satu sama lain terutama oleh ikatan alfa – (1 –> 6), paling sedikit 50 – 60% dan dengan ikatan alpha – (1 –> 4) dan ikatan alpha – (1 –> 3) pada cabang. Dekstran yang diisolasi di Indonesia berat molekulnya berada pada kisaran 2 x 104 sampai 5 x 106, larut dalam air, tidak larut dalam ethanol 50 % dengan putaran spesifik [alpha] diatas +215 C.
Nira segar yang baru diperah tidak mengandung dekstran, tetapi mengandung senyawa polisakarida yang terdiri dari galaktosa, arabinosa, manosa, xylosa dan sedikit glukosa dengan perputaran spesifik -460. Senyawa tersebut dinamakan ISP (ingenious sugar cane polysacharides). Dekstran tidak terdapat dalam nira segar dari tebu sehat, tetapi terdapat pada tebu wayu. Dekstran terbentuk dari sukrosa karena adanya bakteri Leuconostoc mesenteorides yang menghasilkan enzim dekstran sukrase. Menurut M. Mochtar rata-rata kadar dekstran dalam nira mentah pabrik gula di Indonesia antara 0.037 – 0.085 % brix, dalam nira kental 0.024 - 0.080 % brix, dalam tetes 0.111 – 0.353 % brix dan gula putih 0.029 - 0.053 % brix.
Pembentukan Dekstran Dalam Pasca Panen
Dengan berkembangnya metode pemanenan tebu secara mekanis yang disertai dengan pembakaran tebu, tebu dipotong-potong dan waktu tunda prosesing yang lama menimbulkan permasalahan baru dalam industri gula. Dengan sistem tersebut maka dalam tebu akan terbentuk polisakarida antara lain dekstran yang diikuti dengan naiknya viskositas dan perubahan bentuk hablur sehingga menyulitkan pengolahan.
Pembentukan dekstran juga dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan pada proses tebang. Pada saat ini kebanyakan proses tebang dengan cara membakar lahan. Pembakaran tebu memang dapat meningkatkan kapasitas tebang baik secara manual maupun mekanis dan menekan kadar kotoran (daun, pucuk, pelepah, dll), akan tetapi apabila setelah dibakar terlambat ditebang atau diproses pembentukan dekstran akan lebih cepat daripada tebu yang ditebang tanpa pembakaran lahan.
Mekanisme pembentukan dekstran dari sukrose oleh Leuconostoc Mesenteroides, yaitu sukrose berperan donor dan penerima gugus glukosil :
By :
Efraín Rodríguez Jiménez
E–mail: efrain.rodriguez@cigb.edu.cu
ABSTRACT
In sugar production, dextrans are undesirable compounds synthesized by contaminant microorganisms from sucrose, increasing the viscosity of the flow and reducing industrial recovery, bringing about significant losses. The use of the dextranase enzyme is the most efficient method for hydrolyzing the dextrans at sugar mills. Some bacterial strains, filamentous fungi and a small number of yeasts have been shown to produce dextranase. The fungal dextranases showed the highest reaction rate at low Brix, with pH and temperature close to 5.0 and 50 ºC, respectively, that is, conditions existing in juice extraction. Some of these dextranases formulated in enzymatic preparations have been efficiently used for hydrolyzing dextrans in sugar mill juices. In more advanced points of the process, where the dextrans have already caused losses, the conditions of temperature and Brix are high.
However, although the volumes are smaller, the treatment with these enzymes in syrup showed the need to increase the dose, equaling dextranase consumption. Some thermo tolerant bacterial dextranases identified up to now showed a much reduced specific activity that makes their industrial use unfeasible. The fungal dextranases from Chaetomium sp. have shown the best results on dextrans treatment both in juices and syrups. Any attempt to obtain a new natural or recombinant dextranase enzyme, must be comparable with to the Chaetomium enzyme.
Keywords: Dextranase, industrial enzymes, industrial application, dextran
For full article please see links bellow :
http://elfosscientiae.cigb.edu.cu/PDFs/BA/2005/22/1/BA002201RV020-027.pdf
